The process of precisely identifying and marking the boundaries of a wetland area according to specific regulatory criteria is fundamental to environmental management. This procedure relies on evaluating vegetation, soil characteristics, and hydrological indicators to determine if an area meets the established definition of a wetland. For example, a field exhibiting hydric soils, a prevalence of hydrophytic plants, and evidence of periodic inundation would likely be identified as a wetland following this assessment.
Accurate determination of these boundaries is vital for protecting these sensitive ecosystems. It ensures compliance with environmental regulations, guides land-use planning, and aids in mitigating potential impacts from development activities. Historically, inconsistent application of wetland definitions led to significant losses of these valuable resources. Standardized approaches and rigorous assessment protocols aim to address these issues and preserve wetland functions, such as flood control, water filtration, and wildlife habitat.
Understanding the precise location and extent of these ecologically important areas allows for informed decision-making regarding construction, conservation, and resource management. Subsequent sections will delve into the specific methodologies, regulatory frameworks, and challenges associated with this important environmental assessment process.
1. Hydric Soil Indicators
Hydric soil indicators are a fundamental component in the process of wetland delineation. The presence of these indicators serves as direct evidence of prolonged soil saturation, a defining characteristic of wetland environments. These soils exhibit specific physical and chemical properties resulting from anaerobic conditions created by waterlogging. Indicators commonly observed in the field include the presence of redoximorphic features (mottling and color variations indicative of oxidation-reduction cycles), a depleted matrix (a low-chroma soil layer where iron has been leached out), and the accumulation of organic matter on the soil surface.
The identification of hydric soil indicators is not always straightforward, requiring specialized knowledge and experience. Seasonal variations in water table levels, as well as soil disturbance from past land-use practices, can complicate the assessment. For example, a site that was historically a wetland but has been drained for agriculture may still exhibit hydric soil indicators, even if the hydrology has been altered. Conversely, a site that is currently inundated may not have developed hydric soils if the inundation is recent. Therefore, an accurate delineation relies on considering multiple lines of evidence, including vegetation and hydrology, in conjunction with soil indicators.
In summary, hydric soil indicators play a vital role in determining wetland boundaries. Their presence provides critical evidence of the long-term soil saturation characteristic of these ecosystems. While the identification of these indicators can be challenging, their accurate assessment, in combination with other indicators, is essential for effective wetland delineation and subsequent management and protection efforts.
2. Hydrophytic Vegetation Prevalence
The predominance of plants adapted to saturated or inundated soil conditions, known as hydrophytic vegetation, constitutes a critical element in the wetland delineation process. The presence and abundance of these plant species provide strong evidence of wetland conditions, as they have evolved specific adaptations to tolerate prolonged periods of soil saturation and anaerobic conditions. This prevalence is not merely a casual occurrence but a direct consequence of the hydrological regime, serving as a biological indicator reflecting the long-term environmental conditions of the area. The identification of hydrophytic vegetation requires specialized knowledge of plant species and their ecological tolerances, allowing for the differentiation between true wetland plants and those merely tolerant of occasionally wet conditions.
The impact of hydrology on plant communities is evident across various wetland types. For example, in a freshwater marsh, species like cattails (Typha spp.) and bulrushes (Schoenoplectus spp.) typically dominate, showcasing their ability to thrive in standing water. Similarly, forested wetlands may exhibit a prevalence of bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) or red maple (Acer rubrum), both possessing adaptations to withstand waterlogged soils. Understanding the association between specific plant communities and hydrologic conditions is crucial for accurate determination. Errors in identifying these plant species could lead to inaccurate boundary assessments, impacting both development projects and conservation efforts. Regulations often stipulate specific indices or dominance tests to determine if hydrophytic vegetation prevails within an area.
In conclusion, hydrophytic vegetation prevalence serves as an essential indicator within the framework of wetland delineation. Its accurate assessment, coupled with soil and hydrologic indicators, provides a comprehensive basis for establishing wetland boundaries. Recognition of these plant communities is vital for regulatory compliance, ecosystem protection, and informed land-use planning. Ignoring or misinterpreting the presence and abundance of these species can result in substantial environmental and economic consequences.
3. Wetland Hydrology Presence
The presence of wetland hydrology is a defining feature integral to accurate wetland delineation. Hydrology, in this context, refers to the characteristic inundation or saturation of an area for a sufficient duration to support hydrophytic vegetation and the development of hydric soils. Wetland hydrology presence serves as the driving force that shapes these other key indicators. Without it, the specialized vegetation and soil conditions that define a wetland would not develop. For instance, areas frequently flooded by river overflows or seasonally saturated due to high groundwater tables represent clear instances of wetland hydrology presence. This hydrologic regime directly influences the types of plants that can survive and the geochemical processes that occur in the soil.
Methods for determining hydrology presence include direct observation of inundation or saturation, examination of soil morphology for indicators like water marks and sediment deposits, and the use of hydrological data, such as groundwater monitoring well data and stream gauge records. Real-world examples of its practical significance can be seen in the evaluation of construction sites. Prior to development, the presence of this hydrology must be properly assessed to avoid unintended impacts on water quality and flood control capabilities. Similarly, in agricultural settings, understanding hydrological patterns can inform best management practices to minimize wetland impacts.
Accurate assessment of wetland hydrology remains challenging due to variations in precipitation patterns, seasonal fluctuations in water tables, and alterations to natural drainage patterns from human activities. Despite these complexities, precise determination of hydrology is crucial for ensuring regulatory compliance and preserving the ecological functions of these vital ecosystems. Failure to properly identify and assess this hydrologic component can lead to inaccurate boundary determinations, with potential consequences for both environmental protection and land-use planning.
4. Regulatory Definition Adherence
Adherence to regulatory definitions stands as a cornerstone of the wetland delineation process. The very act of delineating a wetland hinges on comparing field data to the specific criteria outlined in federal, state, and local regulations. These regulations define the parameters for identifying jurisdictional wetlands, establishing the legal basis for their protection. Without strict adherence to these definitions, the entire delineation process lacks legal defensibility, rendering the resulting boundary determinations invalid. The consequence of disregarding regulatory definitions is the potential for inconsistent application of wetland protection measures, leading to the loss or degradation of these ecologically important ecosystems. For example, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Protection Agency jointly administer Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, which defines wetlands based on hydrology, soils, and vegetation. Delineations that deviate from these established criteria are not recognized for permitting purposes.
The practical significance of regulatory definition adherence is evident in numerous scenarios. Consider a developer seeking to build on a parcel of land that contains a potential wetland. If the delineation is conducted without strict adherence to the applicable regulatory definition, the developer might erroneously conclude that no wetland exists, proceeding with construction that violates environmental regulations. Conversely, an overly broad interpretation of the definition could lead to the unnecessary designation of non-wetland areas as wetlands, hindering legitimate development activities. Accurate interpretation and application of the regulatory definitions minimize these risks, promoting a balance between environmental protection and economic development. This also includes careful considerations of regional differences, such as wetland variations across different states and climates.
In conclusion, regulatory definition adherence is not merely a procedural formality; it is the foundation upon which wetland delineation is built. Precise application of established criteria is vital for ensuring accurate and legally defensible wetland boundary determinations. While challenges may arise from the complexity and evolving nature of these regulations, their diligent application is essential for preserving the ecological integrity of wetlands and ensuring responsible land management practices. This foundation enables consistent application of laws and policies designed to protect these crucial resources across various jurisdictions.
5. Boundary Identification Accuracy
The precision with which wetland boundaries are identified directly impacts the efficacy of environmental protection and regulatory compliance. Accurate boundary identification is not merely a desirable outcome but a fundamental requirement for effective wetland management. Without it, efforts to protect these valuable ecosystems become significantly compromised.
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Impact on Regulatory Enforcement
Definitive boundary demarcation is crucial for enforcing regulations designed to protect wetlands. Clear, unambiguous boundaries facilitate the monitoring of activities within and adjacent to these areas, enabling regulatory agencies to effectively prevent unauthorized development or alteration. Ambiguous or inaccurate boundaries, conversely, create loopholes that can be exploited, leading to unintended losses or degradation of wetland resources. For example, if a boundary is imprecisely determined, construction activities may encroach on protected areas without detection, resulting in habitat loss and water quality impairment. This is especially evident when land developers seek to mitigate projects near wetland proximity
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Influence on Mitigation Strategies
Accurate determination of wetland boundaries is essential for developing effective mitigation strategies when impacts are unavoidable. Mitigation projects often involve creating, restoring, or enhancing wetlands to compensate for losses incurred elsewhere. The success of these projects depends on a precise understanding of the pre-impact wetland area, which requires an accurate initial delineation. If the original boundaries are underestimated, the mitigation project may not adequately compensate for the lost functions and values of the impacted wetland. Conversely, an overestimated boundary may result in overcompensation, potentially leading to inefficient allocation of resources. This is particularly evident when creating new wetlands; the success relies on understanding the hydrology, soil composition, and plant communities
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Relevance to Land Use Planning
Precise delineation guides informed land-use planning decisions by providing clarity regarding the location and extent of wetlands. This information enables planners to incorporate wetland protection into zoning regulations, development guidelines, and infrastructure planning. Accurate boundaries also help to avoid conflicts between development and conservation interests by clearly defining areas that are subject to regulatory protection. For instance, a city planning a new transportation corridor can use accurate wetland boundaries to identify and avoid or minimize impacts on these resources, reducing potential costs and delays associated with environmental permitting. If a wetland is clearly outlined, it’s easier to plan any major construction sites around it.
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Relationship to Legal Defensibility
The accuracy of wetland boundary determinations is critical for ensuring the legal defensibility of regulatory actions. Delineations that are based on sound scientific methodologies and adhere to established regulatory definitions are more likely to withstand legal challenges from landowners or developers who may dispute the wetland status of their property. Conversely, delineations that are based on subjective interpretations or incomplete data are vulnerable to legal challenges, potentially undermining the effectiveness of wetland protection efforts. In cases of legal disputes, the accuracy of the boundary delineation is often a key factor in determining the outcome. Therefore, the methodology should have a strong foundation that can sustain legal challenges
These facets illustrate that accuracy in boundary identification is not merely a technical detail but a fundamental requirement for realizing the intended outcomes of wetland protection efforts. Without precise delineation, the effectiveness of regulatory enforcement, mitigation strategies, land-use planning, and legal defensibility becomes significantly compromised. By prioritizing accuracy in boundary identification, stakeholders can ensure that wetland management is based on sound scientific principles and contributes to the long-term preservation of these valuable ecosystems.
6. Data Collection Protocols
Standardized data collection protocols form an indispensable component of rigorous wetland delineation. These protocols ensure consistency, accuracy, and repeatability in the collection of field data, which is crucial for making defensible wetland determinations. They dictate the specific methods, procedures, and documentation requirements for assessing vegetation, soils, and hydrology, the three key parameters used to define wetlands.
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Vegetation Sampling Techniques
Protocols specify methods for identifying and quantifying plant species within designated sample plots. These techniques may involve using transects, quadrats, or other standardized sampling schemes to ensure representative data collection. For example, the Arcsine transformation is often applied in cases where the data consists of proportions or percentages. The application of such rigorous protocols enables delineation professionals to accurately determine whether hydrophytic vegetation is prevalent, a critical factor in identifying wetlands. Without such techniques, estimations may become skewed.
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Soil Profile Descriptions
Standardized protocols mandate detailed descriptions of soil profiles, including horizon designations, color, texture, and the presence of hydric soil indicators. These descriptions provide essential evidence of prolonged soil saturation, a key characteristic of wetland environments. For instance, the Munsell color chart is frequently used to document soil color precisely, enabling accurate identification of redoximorphic features indicative of hydric conditions. Following these protocols ensures uniformity in descriptions, leading to proper interpretation.
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Hydrological Data Recording
Protocols outline the methods for documenting hydrological indicators, such as surface water inundation, saturation, water marks, and sediment deposits. These indicators provide direct evidence of wetland hydrology, the driving force behind the development of hydric soils and hydrophytic vegetation. For example, stream gauge data or groundwater monitoring well measurements may be used to establish the frequency and duration of inundation or saturation. This also ensures the accurate recording of hydrological conditions, leading to increased precision.
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Quality Assurance and Control
Data collection protocols incorporate quality assurance and control measures to minimize errors and ensure data integrity. These measures may include training requirements for field personnel, standardized data forms, and independent data verification. The application of these protocols demonstrates rigor and reliability, enhancing the defensibility of wetland delineations in regulatory and legal contexts. The rigorous collection of data helps create an accurate depiction of the situation.
In summary, standardized data collection protocols are essential for accurate and legally defensible wetland delineation. These protocols promote consistency and reliability in field data collection, ensuring that wetland determinations are based on sound scientific principles and can withstand scrutiny. Proper adherence to these protocols is critical for the effective protection and management of these valuable ecosystems. It is critical to have such established protocols to guarantee the accuracy of the assessments.
7. Field Observation Documentation
Meticulous recording of field observations is paramount to the credibility and legal defensibility of any wetland delineation. Such documentation transforms ephemeral observations into tangible evidence, supporting the determination of wetland boundaries based on established regulatory criteria. Without thorough documentation, a delineation may lack the necessary support to withstand scrutiny from regulatory agencies, legal challenges, or conflicting interpretations.
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Photographic Evidence
Photographs provide visual corroboration of site conditions, capturing the characteristics of vegetation, soils, and hydrology. Dated and geographically referenced images document the presence of hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soil indicators, and wetland hydrology at the time of the site visit. For instance, photographs can demonstrate the presence of surface water, water marks on trees, or redoximorphic features in the soil profile. These visual records bolster the accuracy of the delineation process.
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Detailed Field Notes
Field notes serve as a written record of observations and measurements made during the site visit. These notes should include descriptions of vegetation communities, soil characteristics, and hydrological indicators, as well as any deviations from standard protocols or unusual site conditions. Detailed notes provide context for the data collected and can help to explain any discrepancies or inconsistencies. For example, if a soil sample is taken in an area with disturbed soils, the notes should document the nature of the disturbance and its potential impact on the soil profile. A written record can highlight any notable details that may not be obvious.
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Soil Profile Descriptions
Soil profile descriptions document the characteristics of the soil layers encountered during a soil pit excavation. These descriptions should include the horizon designations, color, texture, structure, and the presence of any hydric soil indicators, such as redoximorphic features or a depleted matrix. Standardized soil description techniques, such as the Munsell color chart, ensure consistency and accuracy in the documentation process. Soil data contributes greatly to the determination and overall boundary.
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GPS Coordinates and Mapping
Accurate GPS coordinates and mapping are essential for precisely locating sample points and delineating wetland boundaries. GPS coordinates should be recorded for each sample point, soil pit, and vegetation plot, allowing for the creation of detailed site maps. These maps should show the location of wetlands, streams, and other relevant features, providing a spatial context for the delineation. Such measures facilitate clear communication of the delineation results and aid in future site visits or monitoring efforts. The overall site map should convey an accurate representation of all observations.
These facets of field observation documentation are not merely ancillary tasks but integral components of the delineation process. Consistent and thorough documentation provides a robust foundation for wetland determinations, enhancing their credibility and defensibility. This meticulous approach not only ensures regulatory compliance but also promotes sound environmental stewardship.
8. Jurisdictional Determination Support
Jurisdictional determination support constitutes a crucial outcome of wetland delineation, representing the process by which regulatory agencies determine whether a particular wetland falls under their purview. Accurate delineation provides the factual basis upon which these determinations are made. The data collected during delineation, including vegetation analysis, soil characterization, and hydrological assessments, serves as the evidence used to assess whether a wetland meets the criteria defined in applicable regulations, such as Section 404 of the Clean Water Act in the United States. The delineation process, therefore, directly informs the jurisdictional determination, dictating whether a wetland is subject to federal or state protection. Without a reliable delineation, regulatory agencies lack the necessary information to make informed decisions about wetland jurisdiction.
The connection between delineation and jurisdictional determination is readily apparent in permitting scenarios. Consider a proposed development project that may impact a wetland area. The developer typically engages a qualified professional to conduct a wetland delineation, submitting the results to the relevant regulatory agency, such as the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The Corps then reviews the delineation data to determine whether the identified wetland meets the regulatory definition and, consequently, whether the project requires a permit under Section 404. If the delineation is flawed or incomplete, the Corps may be unable to make an accurate jurisdictional determination, potentially leading to unauthorized impacts on protected wetlands or unnecessary regulatory burdens on the developer. Cases in the past have emphasized the significance of correct jurisdictional determinations in maintaining ecological integrity and guaranteeing regulatory efficacy.
In conclusion, jurisdictional determination support is an inherent and critical consequence of wetland delineation. Accurate delineation provides the factual foundation for regulatory agencies to determine whether a wetland falls under their jurisdiction, triggering applicable protection measures. Challenges arise from the complexity of wetland regulations and the subjectivity involved in interpreting field data. Nevertheless, robust delineation practices are essential for ensuring informed regulatory decision-making and the effective preservation of wetland resources. The symbiotic relationship guarantees that rules intended to protect the ecosystem are enforced fairly, utilizing factual data accumulated throughout the careful delineation procedure.
9. Mitigation Strategy Planning
Mitigation strategy planning is inextricably linked to wetland delineation, acting as a crucial downstream consequence of the accurate identification and mapping of these ecosystems. Precise delineation establishes the baseline understanding of wetland characteristics size, vegetation composition, soil type, and hydrological regime that are essential for developing effective mitigation strategies. When development projects or other activities are proposed that may impact wetlands, a properly executed delineation is the first step in determining the extent and nature of those impacts. The mitigation plan then addresses how those impacts will be avoided, minimized, or compensated for, relying directly on the details provided by the delineation. For instance, if a delineation identifies a rare or endangered species within a wetland, the mitigation plan must include measures to protect that species and its habitat. Without a reliable delineation, the mitigation strategy may be inadequate, resulting in the net loss of wetland functions and values. This process is essential for maintaining the health and functionality of essential water resources and delicate ecosystems.
The practical significance of this connection is evident in numerous real-world scenarios. Consider the construction of a highway that bisects a wetland. The delineation process will accurately map the wetland boundaries and identify the various ecological components present. Based on this information, the mitigation plan may involve creating a new wetland to compensate for the area lost to the highway. The success of this mitigation effort hinges on replicating the functions and values of the original wetland, which requires a thorough understanding of its characteristics as determined by the delineation. This underscores the necessity of thorough data analysis and ecological assessment within the planning and delineation processes. The importance of accurate mapping and species identification are not to be overlooked to prevent further disruption to these vulnerable habitats.
In summary, mitigation strategy planning is fundamentally dependent on the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the wetland delineation process. Challenges arise from the complexity of wetland ecosystems and the difficulty in replicating their functions through mitigation. However, a robust delineation provides the necessary foundation for developing effective mitigation strategies, ensuring that impacts on wetlands are adequately addressed, and that these valuable resources are preserved for future generations. Inaccurate information can lead to significant ecological imbalances and damage to fragile ecosystems.
Frequently Asked Questions
The following addresses common inquiries regarding the process of precisely defining wetland boundaries for regulatory and conservation purposes.
Question 1: What constitutes the core purpose of wetland delineation?
The core purpose involves accurately identifying and marking the boundaries of a wetland area, ensuring compliance with environmental regulations and facilitating informed land management decisions. This process relies on evaluating vegetation, soil, and hydrology to determine if an area meets the established definition of a wetland.
Question 2: What are the primary indicators used in wetland delineation?
The primary indicators include hydric soils, hydrophytic vegetation, and wetland hydrology. Hydric soils exhibit characteristics indicative of prolonged saturation, hydrophytic vegetation comprises plant species adapted to wet conditions, and wetland hydrology signifies the presence of inundation or saturation for a sufficient duration.
Question 3: Why is accurate boundary identification critical?
Accurate boundary identification is essential for regulatory enforcement, mitigation strategy planning, land-use planning, and legal defensibility. Imprecise boundaries can lead to unauthorized impacts on protected areas, inadequate mitigation efforts, and challenges in enforcing wetland regulations.
Question 4: What role do data collection protocols play in the delineation process?
Standardized data collection protocols ensure consistency, accuracy, and repeatability in the collection of field data. These protocols dictate the specific methods for assessing vegetation, soils, and hydrology, contributing to the reliability and defensibility of wetland determinations.
Question 5: How does field observation documentation contribute to the process?
Meticulous documentation of field observations transforms ephemeral site conditions into tangible evidence, supporting the determination of wetland boundaries based on regulatory criteria. Photographic evidence, detailed field notes, soil profile descriptions, and GPS coordinates provide a comprehensive record of site characteristics.
Question 6: What is the significance of jurisdictional determination support in relation to delineation?
Jurisdictional determination support represents a crucial outcome of wetland delineation, providing the factual basis for regulatory agencies to determine whether a particular wetland falls under their purview. Accurate delineation informs the decision-making process regarding the applicability of federal or state protection measures.
In summation, wetland delineation is a multifaceted process relying on established scientific and regulatory principles. Accurate and thorough execution ensures the effective protection and management of these vital ecosystems.
Subsequent sections will explore the challenges and technological advancements in wetland delineation.
What is Wetland Delineation
Effective wetland delineation demands a thorough understanding of regulatory requirements, scientific methodology, and field observation techniques. Adherence to the following tips can significantly enhance the accuracy and reliability of this critical environmental assessment process.
Tip 1: Master the Regulatory Framework: Gain a comprehensive understanding of all applicable federal, state, and local regulations governing wetland delineation. Familiarize yourself with the specific definitions, criteria, and procedures outlined by relevant regulatory agencies.
Tip 2: Prioritize Hydric Soil Identification: Develop expertise in identifying hydric soil indicators, such as redoximorphic features, depleted matrices, and organic matter accumulation. Accurate assessment of hydric soils provides direct evidence of prolonged soil saturation.
Tip 3: Conduct Thorough Vegetation Surveys: Possess the knowledge to identify hydrophytic plant species and assess their prevalence within the study area. Utilize established sampling techniques to ensure representative data collection and avoid subjective bias.
Tip 4: Evaluate Hydrological Indicators: Understand the various hydrological indicators that provide evidence of wetland hydrology, including surface water inundation, saturation, water marks, and sediment deposits. Utilize hydrological data, such as groundwater monitoring well data, to support your assessment.
Tip 5: Document Field Observations Meticulously: Maintain detailed field notes, photographs, and soil profile descriptions to document site conditions and observations. Accurate documentation is essential for supporting the delineation and ensuring its legal defensibility.
Tip 6: Utilize GPS Technology: Employ GPS technology to accurately locate sample points, delineate wetland boundaries, and create detailed site maps. Precise mapping is critical for communicating delineation results and facilitating future site visits.
Tip 7: Engage in Continuous Learning: Stay abreast of the latest scientific advancements, regulatory updates, and best practices in wetland delineation. Attend training courses, workshops, and conferences to enhance your knowledge and skills.
These tips emphasize the importance of combining technical expertise with rigorous data collection and documentation. Implementing these strategies enhances the reliability of wetland assessments, protecting valuable ecosystems and supporting sound land management practices.
The subsequent section offers a summary of critical points concerning ‘what is wetland delineation’ covered in the article.
Conclusion
This examination of the phrase “what is wetland delineation” has revealed its multifaceted nature and critical role in environmental management. The process encompasses far more than simply identifying wet areas; it demands a rigorous application of scientific methodologies, adherence to complex regulatory frameworks, and meticulous documentation. The accuracy of this process directly influences the effectiveness of wetland protection efforts, impacting regulatory enforcement, mitigation strategies, and land-use planning.
Given the increasing pressures on wetland ecosystems from development and climate change, a renewed commitment to accurate and scientifically sound delineation practices is paramount. The preservation of these vital resources hinges on the ability to effectively identify and protect them. This article serves to emphasize the importance of the process “what is wetland delineation”, and hopes to encourage greater understanding and adherence to the practices.
