The phrase refers to identifying the specific publication version of Patti Smith’s seminal album, Horses. Determining the exact version often involves examining details such as the record label, catalog number, presence of specific markings on the cover or vinyl, and the inclusion of particular inserts or promotional materials. For instance, a first pressing would be distinguished from later reissues by specific features present only in the original release.
Identifying the version of Horses is significant for several reasons. For collectors, the earlier editions, particularly those in pristine condition, often command higher values due to their rarity and historical importance. Understanding the chronological order of different pressings provides insight into the album’s distribution history and reception over time, reflecting its cultural impact and enduring appeal. Distinguishing original releases from subsequent reissues can also be crucial for audiophiles seeking the sonic characteristics of the original master tapes and mastering processes.
Therefore, articles focusing on Horses may explore topics like the album’s original recording sessions, cover art development, the evolution of its various releases, and the market value of different editions in the collector’s market. Discussions might also delve into the differences between original vinyl pressings, subsequent vinyl reissues, CD editions, and digital versions, highlighting the unique qualities of each.
1. Original release date
The original release date serves as the foundational anchor for determining a specific edition of Patti Smith’s Horses. It establishes a definitive temporal point from which all subsequent editions are measured. Knowing the original release date, November 10, 1975, allows for a systematic differentiation between the first pressing and later reissues or remastered versions. Features unique to the initial release, such as particular matrix numbers, label variations, or packaging characteristics, are then identifiable by referencing this date. Without acknowledging the original launch date, determining the authentic first edition becomes significantly more complex.
For example, advertisements and reviews published around November 1975 provide verifiable evidence supporting the characteristics of the initial release. Later pressings, conversely, may contain copyright dates or label codes reflecting a later production period. Collectors use these details to assess authenticity, favoring copies closely aligned with the original 1975 release. Even variations in the manufacturing plant where the vinyl was pressed can be traced back to the initial run, adding another layer of precision in identifying an authentic first edition.
In summary, the original release date is not merely a historical detail; it is an indispensable reference point. This data permits a structured and evidence-based approach to identify the very first issue of Horses among all later editions. It provides a baseline enabling collectors, historians, and enthusiasts to distinguish original characteristics, thereby ensuring more accurate appraisal and valuation of the artifact.
2. Record label identity
The record label identity is an essential element in determining the release of Horses. The presence and specific characteristics of the record label serve as primary indicators of the edition. For the original release, the presence of the Arista Records label is expected. Any edition not bearing this mark immediately suggests a later reissue or unauthorized copy. Furthermore, specific label designs, colors, and fonts prevalent during the mid-1970s would be apparent on a genuine first edition. These visual cues are often carefully replicated in subsequent releases, but subtle differences in registration, ink quality, or typeface can often distinguish originals from reproductions. The connection is causal; the Arista Records label must be present to denote the initial release.
The practical significance of understanding this connection is evident in the collector’s market. For example, a 1975 pressing of Horses with the correct Arista label, catalog number, and matrix runout information commands a significantly higher price than a later RCA Records reissue, even if the vinyl is in similar condition. The label represents authenticity and a direct link to the initial production. Differences in label address, copyright dates, or the presence of barcode details absent in 1975 further differentiate editions. These factors determine the collectible value. Without careful examination of the label, misidentification and inaccurate valuation become probable.
In summary, the record label identity is a pivotal factor when attempting to determine the release. The Arista Records label on Horses, with its specific design traits from 1975, is more than mere branding; it is a chronological marker. Identifying and verifying the record label assists in differentiating genuine first pressings from the many later editions. Such knowledge is key to accurate identification, historical understanding, and proper valuation of this historically significant album.
3. Catalog number variations
Catalog number variations are crucial in determining the edition of Horses. These variations, assigned by the record label, directly reflect differences in release date, distribution territory, or specific format (vinyl, cassette, CD). For example, the original 1975 US vinyl release on Arista Records features a specific catalog number, typically AL 4066. Subsequent reissues in later years, or releases in different countries, would likely have distinct catalog numbers. The variations serve as a direct marker indicating these editions. Catalog numbers, therefore, are essential because they offer a codified representation of a particular edition, helping to differentiate it from others. Without precise catalog number matching, correctly identifying the original release is extremely challenging.
The significance of catalog number variations extends to practical valuation and collection. Consider the scenario where a collector seeks a first pressing of Horses. Identifying the catalog number from documented sourcessuch as early advertisements, reviews, or collector guidesallows for verification against the copy in hand. A mismatch immediately suggests it is not the original. Similarly, different countries might have unique identifiers; thus, knowing these variations enables accurate identification of an original US release versus a later European or Japanese edition. The catalog number is a critical checkpoint in determining authenticity and value. For example, a Japanese pressing with a different catalog number, even if released around the same time, would not command the same price as a verified US first pressing.
In summary, catalog number variations are an important component in understanding the publishing history of Horses. They are not merely random identifiers but rather a coded representation of various editions, reflecting release dates, territories, and formats. The presence of, or deviation from, specific catalog numbers associated with the initial 1975 US pressing, allows collectors and enthusiasts to accurately distinguish between original and later releases. This knowledge is essential for authentication, valuation, and appreciating the album’s publishing history.
4. Cover art details
Cover art details provide critical evidence for determining the edition of Horses. Subtle variations in the cover’s design, printing quality, and included elements can distinguish an original release from subsequent reissues. Close examination of these details is vital for accurate identification and valuation.
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Photograph characteristics
The black-and-white photograph of Patti Smith, taken by Robert Mapplethorpe, is central to the album’s cover. Original editions may exhibit specific tonal qualities or printing techniques not precisely replicated in later releases. Minute differences in contrast, clarity, or the presence of specific printing imperfections can be indicative of a particular pressing. Analyzing the photograph’s characteristics requires careful comparison of multiple copies and reference to documented original release features.
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Typography and text placement
The album title and artist name’s typography and placement are additional indicators. Specific fonts, kerning, and line spacing choices were made for the original release. Later editions may exhibit slight variations due to different typesetting processes or digital manipulation. These subtle differences, while seemingly minor, can be revealing when differentiating between early and later editions. Scrutinizing the text’s alignment, letterforms, and overall visual presentation can provide insight into the cover’s production lineage.
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Cover stock and printing quality
The type of cardboard used for the cover (cover stock) and the printing quality employed reflect the production standards of the time. Original editions often used specific types of card stock, which might feel different from later reissues. The printing quality, including the ink saturation and color fidelity, can also vary. Examining the texture, weight, and finish of the cover material, along with the sharpness and depth of the printed image, can assist in edition identification.
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Spine details and catalog number
The album’s spine contains crucial information, including the album title, artist name, and the catalog number. Variations in the spine’s printing, such as font size, color, or placement of the catalog number, can denote different editions. The presence or absence of specific manufacturer logos or distribution information on the spine also contribute to the overall assessment. Comparing these elements to known characteristics of original releases enables greater accuracy in edition determination.
The interplay of these cover art details allows for a refined understanding of Horses‘s publication history. Discrepancies in any of these elements should raise suspicion and warrant further investigation. The cover serves as a visual fingerprint, uniquely reflecting the specific production circumstances of each edition. Integrating this information with other data points, such as matrix numbers and label variations, enables a thorough assessment of edition validity.
5. Vinyl pressing specifics
Vinyl pressing specifics are critical determinants in ascertaining the edition of Horses. These characteristics, inherent to the physical manufacturing process, offer tangible evidence for differentiating original releases from subsequent reissues or reproductions. Understanding these nuances is essential for collectors, audiophiles, and historians seeking to accurately identify specific editions.
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Matrix/Runout Numbers
Matrix or runout numbers are etched or stamped into the vinyl near the label. These alphanumeric codes serve as identifiers for the specific cutting and pressing used to create the record. Original pressings of Horses have unique matrix numbers that can be verified against established discographies and collector guides. Variations in these numbers, including different combinations or the presence of specific mastering engineer initials, indicate alternate pressings or reissues. These numbers are thus essential identifiers.
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Vinyl Weight and Color
The weight and color of the vinyl can indicate edition. While the original Horses was pressed on standard black vinyl, reissues may vary, including colored vinyl for special releases or heavier-weight vinyl for audiophile editions. The vinyl’s weight, measured in grams, can also be indicative of the pressing era; earlier pressings might have different weights than later ones due to changes in manufacturing processes and material composition. These material properties serve as tangible markers for edition identification.
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Pressing Plant Identification
The pressing plant involved in the record’s manufacture often leaves identifiable marks on the vinyl, such as specific symbols or initials near the runout groove. Identifying the pressing plant can help narrow down the edition, particularly when correlated with release dates and known manufacturing contracts. For example, certain plants were known to produce specific pressings for Arista Records around the time of Horses‘ original release, providing a crucial link in verifying authenticity.
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Edge Details and Groove Characteristics
Variations along the edge of the vinyl, such as the presence of a raised edge or variations in the groove depth and spacing, can denote different pressing techniques or manufacturing eras. Microscopic examination of the grooves can also reveal information about the mastering process and the equipment used. These subtle features, while often overlooked, can provide valuable clues about a particular record’s origin and edition.
In conclusion, careful examination of vinyl pressing specifics is a central component for determining “what edition of Horses was released”. These details, from matrix numbers to pressing plant identification, provide tangible evidence for distinguishing original releases from later editions. Correctly interpreting these characteristics enables accurate identification, valuation, and appreciation of this seminal album’s publishing history.
6. Inner sleeve characteristics
Inner sleeve characteristics offer valuable insights into determining the release of Horses. The inner sleeve, often overlooked, provides crucial contextual information that helps differentiate original pressings from later reissues. Material type, printing details, and inclusion (or exclusion) of specific graphics or lyrics on the inner sleeve serve as markers for particular editions. These details are not arbitrary; they reflect the manufacturing processes and marketing strategies employed at different periods in the album’s release history, offering a causal link between inner sleeve specifics and edition determination. Examining the presence and nature of the inner sleeve is, therefore, an essential component in identifying Horses‘ different versions.
For example, early pressings of Horses might have included a plain white paper inner sleeve or one featuring lyrics printed in a specific font and layout. Later reissues could feature inner sleeves printed on different paper stock, with altered graphics, updated copyright information, or even advertisements for other Arista Records releases. If an original 1975 pressing lacks the expected lyric sheet or features an inner sleeve with a barcode (an invention not widespread until the late 1970s), it strongly suggests a later pressing. The practicality of this understanding is demonstrated in the collector’s market, where a missing or incorrect inner sleeve can significantly devalue an otherwise pristine copy of the album. Thus, authenticating this aspect is critical.
In summary, inner sleeve characteristics constitute important evidence when establishing the edition of Horses. The details present on, or absent from, the inner sleeve are not incidental but, rather, indicative of the specific manufacturing period and release strategy. By carefully examining these features, collectors and enthusiasts can discern original pressings from later reissues, ensuring more accurate appraisals and fostering a deeper appreciation for the album’s publishing history. The challenge lies in the potential for inner sleeves to be swapped or replaced over time, underscoring the need to consider this evidence in conjunction with other indicators like matrix numbers and label variations to establish a complete picture of the album’s edition.
7. Promotional material inclusion
Promotional material inclusion acts as a valuable marker in determining “what edition was horses released.” The presence, type, and condition of such materials can definitively distinguish original pressings from subsequent reissues. Inclusion of items such as posters, lyric sheets, promotional inserts advertising other Arista Records artists, or reply cards provides direct evidence of the release era and marketing strategies employed. These materials are typically discarded over time, making their presence in a copy of Horses a strong indicator of a complete and potentially original pressing. The absence of these expected materials from an otherwise seemingly original copy can suggest that it is a later edition or that the original contents have been altered.
Real-world examples illustrate the significance. A 1975 promotional poster featuring Patti Smith, included within the original vinyl release, immediately identifies a specific edition. Similarly, a promotional insert highlighting other Arista Records releases from the same period provides a temporal anchor. Collectors often use these items to verify authenticity. A mint-condition original pressing with all promotional materials intact commands a higher value due to its rarity and completeness. Conversely, a record labeled as an original pressing but lacking the expected promotional inserts would raise suspicion. Dealers and collectors consult established discographies and collector guides to confirm what promotional materials should accompany a genuine first edition, underscoring the practical value of this knowledge.
In conclusion, promotional material inclusion offers tangible clues regarding the edition of Horses. While challenging to verify definitively due to the ease of removal or replacement, these materials, when present and consistent with the known promotional practices of the time, significantly strengthen the case for a particular edition’s authenticity. They represent a direct link to the original marketing efforts surrounding the album’s release, adding both historical context and collectible value. Therefore, these elements should be considered in conjunction with other factors like matrix numbers, label variations, and cover art details for a complete and accurate assessment.
Frequently Asked Questions
The following addresses common inquiries concerning the identification of specific editions of Patti Smith’s album, Horses. Understanding the nuances between various releases allows for accurate assessment of value and historical context.
Question 1: What constitutes an “original pressing” of Horses?
An original pressing typically refers to the first manufacturing run of the album following its initial release date (November 10, 1975). Key indicators include the Arista Records label, specific matrix numbers etched into the vinyl, and the presence of particular promotional inserts documented for that period. Precise alignment with these verifiable characteristics distinguishes an original from subsequent reissues.
Question 2: Where can reliable information on matrix numbers be found?
Accurate matrix number information can be sourced from established discographies such as Discogs.com, collector-oriented websites dedicated to Patti Smith’s discography, and reputable record collecting guides. Cross-referencing information across multiple sources is recommended to ensure accuracy.
Question 3: How significant is the condition of the cover art in determining value?
The condition of the cover art is a significant factor affecting the value of any edition of Horses, but particularly for original pressings. Covers exhibiting minimal wear, such as ring wear, seam splits, or corner damage, command a higher premium. A pristine cover suggests careful preservation, adding to its desirability among collectors.
Question 4: Are barcode-era inner sleeves a definitive sign of a reissue?
Yes, the presence of a barcode on the inner sleeve is a strong indicator that the edition is not an original 1975 pressing. Barcodes were not widely adopted for commercial releases until the late 1970s and early 1980s. Therefore, a barcode would suggest a later reissue or replacement of the original inner sleeve.
Question 5: Does the absence of promotional materials automatically negate a claim of originality?
Not necessarily. While the presence of correct promotional materials supports a claim of originality, their absence does not definitively negate it. Promotional items are often separated from the record over time. However, the lack of promotional materials should prompt closer scrutiny of other identifying characteristics, such as matrix numbers and label details.
Question 6: What are the key differences between a US and a European pressing of Horses?
Differences between US and European pressings typically involve variations in catalog numbers, pressing plant identifiers etched into the vinyl, and potentially slight alterations in the cover art or label design. Consulting detailed discographies that specify regional variations is essential for accurate identification.
Careful attention to these details allows collectors and enthusiasts to distinguish between different editions of Horses with greater precision. The information provided serves as a guide for navigating the complexities of identifying valuable original pressings.
The next section will explore the lasting impact and legacy of the Horses album.
Edition Identification Tips for Horses
The following tips offer guidance on how to determine the specific edition of Patti Smith’s album, Horses, focusing on readily verifiable characteristics to aid in identification.
Tip 1: Verify the Record Label: Confirm the presence of the Arista Records label, the correct logo style used in 1975, and the label’s typography. Deviations from these specifics indicate a later pressing or counterfeit.
Tip 2: Analyze Matrix Numbers: Locate the matrix numbers etched into the vinyl near the label. Consult a reputable discography to cross-reference the numbers with documented original pressings. Variations denote different manufacturing runs.
Tip 3: Examine Cover Art Details: Scrutinize the cover’s printing quality, typography, and overall image clarity. Original covers may exhibit specific printing imperfections or tonal characteristics not perfectly replicated in later releases.
Tip 4: Check for Promotional Material: Inquire about the presence of original promotional inserts, lyric sheets, or posters. These materials, frequently discarded, enhance the likelihood of an original pressing.
Tip 5: Inspect the Inner Sleeve: Assess the inner sleeve’s material and presence or absence of printed text or graphics. Barcodes on the inner sleeve indicate a reissue postdating the original 1975 release.
Tip 6: Assess Vinyl Weight and Color: Check for the standard black vinyl of the original pressing. Variations like colored vinyl or differing weights could signify a later or specialty edition.
Tip 7: Cross-Reference with Reputable Sources: Consult established discographies and collector guides to corroborate findings. Comparison with multiple sources enhances the accuracy of edition determination.
These tips, when applied systematically, greatly increase the probability of correctly identifying the edition of Horses. The accuracy of assessment directly informs valuation and historical understanding of the album.
This knowledge provides a solid foundation for further exploration of the album’s cultural and artistic significance.
Determining the Edition of Horses: A Summary
The foregoing exploration underscores the multifaceted process of determining the precise edition of Horses. The investigation highlights the importance of scrutinizing record label identity, catalog number variations, cover art details, vinyl pressing specifics, inner sleeve characteristics, and the inclusion of promotional materials. The convergence of evidence across these areas enables accurate differentiation between original pressings and subsequent reissues, offering essential information for collectors, historians, and audiophiles.
Continued meticulous examination and documentation of vinyl releases remain crucial for preserving the historical record and appreciating the nuances of music production. Further research may focus on refining methodologies for identifying counterfeit pressings and standardizing nomenclature within the collector community to ensure clear and consistent communication regarding edition identification. The insights gained from such analyses contribute to a deeper understanding of the album’s lasting cultural impact.
