The presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies specific to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in serum indicates prior exposure to the virus, either through natural infection (chickenpox or shingles) or vaccination. These antibodies are produced by the body’s immune system as a defense against VZV. A detectable level typically signifies immunity. For example, a positive laboratory test result for this type of antibody confirms that an individual has been previously infected or immunized against the virus.
The detection of these antibodies is crucial for assessing an individual’s immunity status, guiding vaccination decisions, and understanding the epidemiology of varicella-zoster virus infections. Historically, assessing immunity relied on self-reported history of chickenpox, which can be unreliable. This laboratory test provides a more objective and accurate measure. Furthermore, knowledge of an individuals immune status is particularly important for individuals who are immunocompromised or pregnant, as VZV infection can pose significant risks to these populations.
