A structure fabricated from multiple materials can exhibit a phenomenon where a particle traverses a classically forbidden energy barrier, even when the particle lacks sufficient energy to overcome it based on classical mechanics. This behavior arises from the principles of quantum mechanics, specifically the wave-like nature of particles. Imagine an electron encountering a thin insulating layer; despite lacking the energy to jump over the barrier according to classical physics, there is a non-zero probability that it will appear on the other side. This transmission through the barrier is the foundational element of this behavior within such structures.
The significance of these engineered structures lies in their potential for novel electronic devices. This behavior enables faster switching speeds in transistors, improved energy harvesting, and enhanced sensing capabilities. Historically, the understanding and application of single-material instances of this phenomenon have paved the way for numerous technological advancements. Applying these principles to advanced, multi-material designs broadens the scope of applications and allows for the fine-tuning of transmission probabilities through careful material selection and structural design.
