A device that converts thermal energy into electrical energy is fundamentally an array of thermocouples connected in series or, less commonly, in parallel. This arrangement amplifies the voltage output compared to a single thermocouple. The core principle relies on the Seebeck effect, where a temperature difference between the junctions of dissimilar metals creates a voltage. A practical application is found in non-contact temperature measurement, where the device detects infrared radiation emitted by an object and generates a voltage proportional to the object’s temperature.
The amplified voltage signal offers several advantages. It increases measurement sensitivity, allowing for the detection of small temperature variations. Historically, these devices played a crucial role in early radiometers and infrared detectors. Current uses extend to diverse fields, including industrial process control, medical diagnostics (such as ear thermometers), and energy harvesting, where waste heat can be converted into usable electricity. Its ability to measure temperature without physical contact is particularly valuable in hazardous or inaccessible environments.
