Various fauna consume the seeds and other parts of the Helianthus annuus. This consumption spans a wide range of species, from small birds attracted to the seed heads to larger mammals that may forage on the entire plant. For example, goldfinches are frequently observed extracting seeds from mature flower heads, while deer might graze on the leaves and stalks of younger plants.
Understanding the natural consumers of these plants is important for several reasons. Agriculturally, this knowledge informs pest management strategies, helping farmers protect their crops. Ecologically, the plant serves as a food source within a diverse food web, supporting a variety of wildlife populations. Historically, evidence suggests that indigenous peoples cultivated the crop, recognizing its value as a resource for both humans and animals.
