A temporomandibular joint (TMJ) splint, also frequently referred to as an occlusal splint or bite guard, is a custom-made oral appliance designed to fit over the teeth of either the upper or lower arch. Its appearance varies based on the specific type, material, and intended function, but generally it resembles a clear or slightly opaque retainer. The device is typically fabricated from a hard acrylic resin, although softer materials may be incorporated depending on the patient’s needs. A well-fitting appliance will cover all the teeth in the arch it occupies, providing a stable and even occlusal surface.
The importance of such an appliance lies in its capacity to redistribute occlusal forces, protect the teeth from grinding (bruxism), and stabilize the temporomandibular joint. By creating a more ideal bite relationship, muscle tension in the jaw and face can be reduced, alleviating pain and discomfort associated with TMJ disorders. Historically, these devices have evolved from simple bite planes to sophisticated designs incorporating features like anterior ramps or posterior balancing, demonstrating an ongoing effort to refine their therapeutic efficacy.
