The surfaces designed for pedestrian traffic typically consist of concrete, a composite material formed from cement, aggregates (such as sand and gravel), and water. The proportions of these components are carefully controlled to achieve desired strength, durability, and workability. Alternative materials include asphalt, pavers made of brick or stone, and, in some contexts, compacted gravel or even wooden planks.
These dedicated walkways facilitate safe and efficient movement of individuals, separating pedestrian flow from vehicular traffic. They contribute significantly to urban accessibility, promote walkability within communities, and enhance public safety by reducing the risk of accidents. Historically, their development reflects a growing awareness of the need for organized and protected pedestrian spaces within urban planning.