In the context of Chinese thought and culture, the intrinsic environment encompasses far more than a simple inventory of flora, fauna, and landscapes. It represents a complex and dynamic system interwoven with philosophical, spiritual, and practical considerations. It is viewed as an integral part of human existence, influencing health, well-being, social harmony, and even political stability. For instance, specific landforms are often associated with certain energies or spirits, impacting decisions about architecture, agriculture, and burial practices.
The significance of the physical world in China stems from ancient philosophies such as Taoism and Confucianism. Taoism emphasizes living in accordance with the “Tao,” the natural order of the universe, advocating for minimal intervention and promoting balance between humanity and the surrounding environment. Confucianism, while focused more on social order, also values environmental stewardship as a reflection of moral character and responsible governance. Historically, imperial dynasties were judged, in part, by their ability to maintain ecological balance, with natural disasters often interpreted as signs of disharmony between the emperor and the heavens. This connection between the ruling power and the natural world gave rise to sophisticated systems of water management, forestry, and land conservation.
