Iron is a metallic element that exhibits both ferromagnetism and susceptibility to oxidation, commonly known as rust. Ferromagnetism allows it to be strongly attracted to magnets and to become magnetized itself. The oxidation process, facilitated by the presence of oxygen and moisture, leads to the formation of iron oxide, a reddish-brown compound that weakens the metal’s structural integrity. Common examples include uncoated steel objects left exposed to the elements and cast iron cookware that has not been properly seasoned and maintained.
The characteristic of undergoing oxidation while also possessing magnetic properties presents both challenges and opportunities. The formation of rust can compromise the functionality and longevity of iron-based structures and components, incurring significant economic costs for repair and replacement. However, controlled oxidation processes are employed in some applications to create protective layers that inhibit further corrosion. Historically, the abundance and relatively low cost of iron have made it a foundational material in construction, manufacturing, and transportation, despite its susceptibility to degradation.
