The ownership of rights to subsurface resources located beneath a property defines a specific type of property ownership. This ownership entitles the holder to explore for, develop, and produce minerals such as oil, natural gas, coal, and other valuable substances. For example, an individual may own the surface rights to a piece of land for farming, while another party holds the right to extract the oil and gas beneath that same land.
This form of property rights is a crucial aspect of resource development and can represent a significant source of revenue for the owner. Historically, this ownership has played a vital role in the development of energy resources and the economic prosperity of many regions. It allows for the exploitation of valuable resources that would otherwise remain inaccessible, contributing to energy independence and economic growth.