Respiratory drive is primarily regulated by the level of carbon dioxide in the blood. However, a secondary mechanism exists wherein chronically elevated carbon dioxide levels desensitize the central chemoreceptors. In this scenario, a decreased oxygen level becomes the primary stimulus for breathing.
This physiological adaptation is particularly relevant in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Supplying excessive supplemental oxygen to these patients can inadvertently suppress the low-oxygen stimulus, potentially leading to hypoventilation, increased carbon dioxide retention, and, in severe cases, respiratory failure. Understanding this phenomenon is crucial for appropriate oxygen therapy management.
