A systematic investigation into the implementation of a program, policy, or project is undertaken to understand how it functions. This examination focuses on the activities, outputs, and operational aspects, rather than solely on the outcomes. For example, in a new educational initiative, this type of review would analyze the training provided to teachers, the distribution of learning materials, and the fidelity with which the curriculum is delivered in the classroom. It aims to determine if the program is being implemented as intended.
The value of this type of assessment lies in its ability to identify strengths and weaknesses in the implementation process. It provides insights that can be used to improve the program’s effectiveness and efficiency. Furthermore, understanding the underlying processes allows for better replication and scaling of successful interventions in different contexts. Historically, this type of review has been used to understand why some interventions succeed while others fail, even when they appear to be based on sound theoretical principles.
