Electrical extension leads are characterized by their wire size, a measurement known as gauge. This gauge number indicates the diameter of the conductive material within the cord; a lower number signifies a thicker wire. For example, a cord with a 12-gauge wire is thicker and can handle more current than a cord with a 16-gauge wire. The American Wire Gauge (AWG) system is the standard for measuring these wire diameters.
Selecting the appropriate gauge for an extension cord is crucial for safe and efficient operation of electrical devices. Using a cord with an insufficient gauge can lead to overheating, voltage drop, and potential fire hazards. Historically, understanding wire gauge has been essential in electrical applications, dating back to the early days of electrification. Choosing the correct gauge ensures devices receive the necessary power to function optimally, preventing damage to both the cord and the connected equipment.