The fundamental distinction lies in the ammunition’s ignition method. One uses a priming compound located within the case rim, whereas the other has its primer positioned centrally at the base of the cartridge. The .22 Long Rifle is a common example of the former, while .223 Remington exemplifies the latter.
This difference in ignition impacts several factors, including power, reliability, and reloading capability. Centrally primed ammunition generally exhibits higher power levels and improved reliability. Furthermore, centerfire cartridges are typically reloadable, offering an economic advantage for high-volume shooters and enabling customization of ammunition performance. The rim-primed system, while simpler and less expensive to manufacture, is often limited in power and not generally reloadable. Its origins trace back to the early days of cartridge firearms, offering a simpler manufacturing process.
