Exposure of the ocular surface to sodium hypochlorite, commonly known as bleach, initiates a rapid chemical reaction. This reaction, an alkali burn, denatures proteins within the eye’s tissues, potentially leading to immediate damage to the cornea, conjunctiva, and even deeper structures. The severity of the injury depends on the concentration of the bleach, the duration of contact, and the promptness of intervention.
Immediate and appropriate first aid is paramount in mitigating the extent of ocular damage following such an exposure. The longer the contact time, the greater the potential for severe, long-term complications, including corneal scarring, vision impairment, glaucoma, and, in extreme cases, blindness. Timely irrigation aims to dilute the chemical and halt the destructive process. Therefore, understanding the immediate consequences and required response can significantly improve the prognosis.