These molecules are carboxylic acids with a long aliphatic tail, which can be either saturated or unsaturated. They are essential building blocks of lipids (fats and oils) in plants, animals, and microorganisms. A common example is oleic acid, found abundantly in olive oil, which features a chain of carbon atoms with a single double bond.
Their significance stems from their roles as fundamental constituents of cell membranes, providing energy storage, and acting as precursors for various signaling molecules. Historically, their importance in human nutrition has been recognized, with deficiencies or imbalances leading to various health problems. Understanding their diverse functions is crucial for maintaining optimal health and preventing diseases.
